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Dementia defines a set of signs that can comprise: memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language, changes in mood and behaviour which can affect daily living. The cause of dementia is attributed to when the brain is impaired by diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or a series of strokes. Alzheimer’s disease is said to be the most common cause of dementia, but not the only one. The particular symptoms associated are dependent on the area of the brain that is affected and the disease that is causing the dementia. Dementia is different for each individual.

Other issues that will determine how well individuals can live with dementia include the response of others towards them and environmental support. Dementia is progressive, which means the symptoms gradually get worse over time and varies for each individual. As dementia progresses, the person may develop behaviours that seem unusual or out of character. These behaviours can include asking repetitive questions, wandering, and restlessness. This can be challenging for the individual and their family.

A person with dementia during the later stages may have physical symptoms such as muscle weakness or weight loss. They can experience changes in sleep pattern and appetite. The causes of dementia cannot be cured. The care that is offered should be ‘person-centered’. All interventions must focus on that individual needs and available resources.